Skip to content

PlasticsEurope, 2016. Plastics—The Facts 2016: An Analysis of European Plastics Production, Demand and Waste Data. PlasticsEurop, Association of Plastics Manufacturers.

UNEP and GRID-Arendal, 2016. Marine Litter Vital Graphics. United Nations Environment Programme and GRID-Arendal. Nairobi and Arendal. www.unep.org, www.grida.no

Schmidt, C. et al., 2017. Export of Plastic Debris by Rivers into the Sea. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2017, 51 (21), pp 12246–12253 (https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.est.7b02368).

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/stemming-the-plastic-tide-10-rivers-contribute-most-of-the-plastic-in-the-oceans/

Jambeck, J.R. et al., 2015. Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean Science, 347(6223), pp. 768-771 (DOI: 10.1126/science.1260352) Available at: https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/17969/Plastic_waste_inputs_from_land_into_the_ocean.pdf?sequence=1

UNEP, 2016. Marine plastic debris and microplastics – Global lessons and research to inspire action and guide policy change. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi.

UNEP and GRID-Arendal, 2016. Marine Litter Vital Graphics. United Nations Environment Programme and GRID-Arendal. Nairobi and Arendal. www.unep.org, www.grida.no

Mepex,2014.Sources of microplastic- pollution to the marine environment. Prepared for the Norwegian Environment Agency.

UNEP, 2016. Plastic in Cosmetics.Division of Environmental Policy Implementation. United Nations Environment Programme https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/9664/-Plastic_in_cosmetics_Are_we_polluting_the_environment_through_our_personal_care_-2015Plas.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y

Napper I.E. et al., 2015. Characterisation, quantity and sorptive properties of microplastics extracted from cosmetics. Marine Pollution BulletinVolume 99, Issues 1–2, 15 October 2015, Pages 178-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.07.029

UNEP, 2016. Marine plastic debris and microplastics – Global lessons and research to inspire action and guide policy change. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi.

World Economic Forum, Ellen MacArthur Foundation and McKinsey & Company, 2016. The New Plastics Economy: Rethinking the future of plastics. Available at: https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/assets/downloads/EllenMacArthurFoundation_TheNewPlasticsEconomy_Pages.pdf

Watson, R.A. et al., 2015. Plenty more fish in the sea? Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/faf.12128

Homak, L., 2016. Will there be more fish or plastic in the sea in 2050? Available at: http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-35562253

Galloway, T. and Lewis, C., 2017. Marine microplastics. Current Biology, 27(11), pp.R445-R446.

Eriksen, M. et al., 2014. Plastic Pollution in the World’s Oceans: More than 5 Trillion Plastic Pieces Weighing over 250,000 Tons Afloat at Sea. Available at: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0111913

Worm, B. et al., 2017. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 2017. 42:1–26 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-102016-060700.

UNEP, 2016. Marine plastic debris and microplastics – Global lessons and research to inspire action and guide policy change. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi

Halpern, B. S. et al., 2008.A Global Map of Human Impact on Marine Ecosystems. Science 319, 948. DOI: 10.1126/science.1149345

UNEP and GRID-Arendal, 2016. Marine Litter Vital Graphics. United Nations Environment Programme and GRID-Arendal. Nairobi and Arendal. www.unep.org, www.grida.no

Wieczorek, A.M. et al. , 2018. “Frequency of Microplastics in Mesopelagic Fishes from the Northwest Atlantic.” Frontiers in Marine Science, February 19, 2018, doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00039

Lusher, A.L. et ., 2013. Occurrence of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tract of pelagic and demersal fish from the English Channel. Marine Pollution Bulletin. Volume 67, Issues 1–2, 15 February 2013, Pages 94-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.11.028

Lutz, P.L., 1990. Studies on the ingestion of plastic and latex by sea turtles. In: Shomura, R.S., Yoshida, H.O. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Workshop on the Fate and Impact of Marine Debris. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Technical Memorandum Honolulu, Hawaii (154 pp.). Available at: https://swfsc.noaa.gov/publications/TM/SWFSC/NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-154_P719.PDF

Caron, A.G.M.et al., 2018. Ingestion of microplastic debris by green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Great Barrier Reef: Validation of a sequential extraction protocol. Marine Pollution Bulletin.

Volume 127, February 2018, Pages 743-751.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.062

http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2018/May-28/450988-plastic-found-in-belly-of-tuna-highlights-waste-problem.ashx

https://phys.org/news/2017-02-norway-zoologists-plastic-bags-stranded.html

UNEP and GRID-Arendal, 2016. Marine Litter Vital Graphics. United Nations Environment Programme and GRID-Arendal. Nairobi and Arendal. www.unep.org, www.grida.no

UNEP, 2016. Marine plastic debris and microplastics – Global lessons and research to inspire action and guide policy change. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi

Lebreton, L. et al 2018.Evidence that the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is rapidly accumulating plastic. Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Article number: 4666(2018). doi:10.1038/s41598-018-22939-w

UNEP, 2016. Marine plastic debris and microplastics – Global lessons and research to inspire action and guide policy change. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi

Bergmann, M. et al., 2015. Observations of floating anthropogenic litter in the Barents Sea and Fram Strait, Arctic. Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00300-015-1795-8

Cózar, A. et al., 2017. The Arctic Ocean as a dead end for floating plastics in the North Atlantic branch of the

Thermohaline Circulation. Science Advances 19 Apr 2017: Vol. 3, no. 4, e1600582 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600582

Norwegian Polar Institute, 2018. Plastic in the European Arctic. https://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2478285/Kortrapport45.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Bergmann, M. et al., 2015. Observations of floating anthropogenic litter in the Barents Sea and Fram Strait, Arctic. Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00300-015-1795-8

NOAA Office of Response and Restoration.  https://response.restoration.noaa.gov/about/media/how-much-would-it-cost-clean-pacific-garbage-patches.html

Southern Fried Science, 2015. Three facts (and a lot of questions) about The Ocean Cleanup. Blog post. Available at: http://www.southernfriedscience.com/three-facts-about-the-ocean-cleanup

Southern Fried Science, 2015. Three facts (and a lot of questions) about The Ocean Cleanup. Blog post. Available at: http://www.southernfriedscience.com/three-facts-about-the-ocean-cleanup

Deep Sea News, 2014. The Ocean Cleanup, Part 2: Technical review of the feasibility study. Available at: http://www.deepseanews.com/2014/07/the-ocean-cleanup-part-2-technical-review-of-the-feasibility-study/

OpenChannels, 2014. Interactive panel discussion on utility and feasibility of cleaning up ocean plastics. Video. Available at: https://vimeo.com/101430245

NOAA Marine Debris Program, 2016. https://marinedebrisblog.wordpress.com/2016/04/18/the-truth-about-garbage-patches/

UNEP, 2015. Biodegradable Plastics and Marine Litter. Misconceptions, concerns and impacts on marine environments. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Nairobi. https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7468/-Biodegradable_Plastics_and_Marine_Litter_Misconceptions,_concerns_and_impacts_on_marine_environments-2015BiodegradablePlasticsAndMarineLitter.pdf.pdf?sequence=3

UNEP, 2015. http://drustage.unep.org/asiapacific/biodegradable-plastics-are-not-answer-reducing-marine-litter-says-un

UNEP, 2015. Biodegradable Plastics and Marine Litter. Misconceptions, concerns and impacts on marine environments. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Nairobi. https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7468/-Biodegradable_Plastics_and_Marine_Litter_Misconceptions,_concerns_and_impacts_on_marine_environments-2015BiodegradablePlasticsAndMarineLitter.pdf.pdf?sequence=3

Australian Department of Environment and Conservation. Litter –  How long does it take to break dowmn? Fact Sheet.Available at: https://www.kabc.wa.gov.au/library/file/Fact%20sheets/How%20long%20Fact%20sheet%20KAB.pdf

Meikle, J.L., 1995. American plastic: a cultural history. Rutgers University Press.

Andrady, A.L., 2015. Persistence of Plastic Litter in the Oceans. In: Bergmann M., Gutow L., Klages M. (eds) Marine Anthropogenic Litter. Springer, Cham. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-16510-3_3#citeas.

UNEP and GRID-Arendal, 2016. Marine Litter Vital Graphics. United Nations Environment Programme and GRID-Arendal. Nairobi and Arendal. www.unep.org, www.grida.no

Hansson, L.A. et al., 2015. Nano-plastics in the aquatic environment. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 17(10), pp.1712-1721.

O’Brine, T. and Thompson, R.C., 2010. Degradation of plastic carrier bags in the marine environment. Marine pollution bulletin, 60(12), pp.2279-2283.

Levin, S., 2017.  https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jun/28/how-san-francisco-is-leading-the-way-out-of-bottled-water-culture

Back To Top
Search